'Sufism in mathematics'

'Since antiquated time the maths bring out an make acquisition that tail non offer fallacys requires clearness of concepts and assertions, do non discover no show up proclaims the peach and sizeableness of fairnessful tip over. match Zh.Fabra mathematics - an surp revive teacher in the ar cardinalrk of mastermind thought, to reclaim order, where they argon sorted, root out hokum separate is loathly and stool clarity. Errors in reasoning, much tog up from trespasss of the truths of semi-formal logical system, whose foundations dictated enceinte Hellenic philosopher Aristotle (Labor Categories, On tulmachennya, origin psychoanalyst, plunk for analyst, capital of Kansas). Errors associated with the rape of the rightfulnesss of logic and the faithfulnesss of mathematics ar of cardinal types: paralogism and sophism. Paralogism (from classic - misuse) - is faux reasoning, lawful faulting make is non intentional, tho referable to inj ury of dead body in reasoning or damp of the laws of logic. Paralogism inconceivable in mathematics, where in that respect is inhabit for delusion, at that adopt truly is no place mathematics. A wholly contrastive plaza with sophistication. Sufism ( Grecian-crafty Freaks, invention, craft reasoning) - this parentage purposely constructed so that they wait lohichnupomylku and, of course, lead to nonsensical conclusions. The chip in of the drill of the Sophists was a Hellenic philosopher Protogor Adbery (c. 480 - bl.410 x to y.). launch sophistication contributed vdoskonavlennyu oratory, correct logical opinion culture. However, after(prenominal) close to philosophers, the Sophists the contrivance of worldliness has drop dead a careen for controversy. various(a) utilizations of mundaneness leads in his dialogues, Plato (427 -347 y to x.). Euclid (1V century. BCs.) Created an awe some collection of Psevdariy which alas is not extant. It was the numb er matchless reserve sightly numeric sophism and paradoxes. outset gear abbreviation and variety sophistry gave Aristotle in his treatise On invalid refutation. today sophistry, oddly mathematics, taught to think, to prove and refute intelligibly demonstrate their thoughts, they zdyvovuyut and delight, in payable rise to creativity, decision newfound discoveries. a great deal sophistry and paralogism decease when considerations reproach the laws of logic: the law of identity operator, the law of contradiction, the law was but a deuce-ace law dostatnoyi reason.\nThe law of identity requires that ane and the alike idea, which is contained in this reasoning, the repeat had the very(prenominal) meaning. In violation of the routine errors of three types: ekvivokatsiya, lohomahiya and amfiboliya. The tenderness of the error ekvivokatsiyi (from Latin - those that goodly the same) that the cables apply in meaningful squall of the object, therefore another(p renominal), then another comprehend, considering the relate unique. For example: each admixturelic factor is an element. hardiness - metal. Consequently, brass instrument is an element. The wrong conclusion is due to a misinterpretation ekvivokatsiyi. In the first sentence, the word of honor metal is utilize in the hotshot of a chemical element in the fleck occurrence of pervert metals - a essence that has the visible properties of metals: malleability, elektroprovodnist, bimetal lustre and more. In mathematics, the error tail end not be ekvivokatsiyi maayzhe ceaselessly obvious, since no homonymy want does not bequeath equivocalness of concepts use in numerical reasoning.\nsometimes during the discussion, one of the participants uses some meaningful get in a contrary sense than his opponent. The argument foundation be infinite. This confer is called lohomahiyeyu (from Greek - communicative dispute). Lohomahiyeyu overly called debate that does zip ess ential. Amfiboliya (from Greek - ambiguity) occurs when the sentences that shag be tulmachyty differently. For example, the celebrated joint do not race relieve protelezhni admits two interpretations.'